{"id":14056,"date":"2024-10-04T22:03:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T15:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/?p=14056"},"modified":"2024-10-04T22:03:48","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T15:03:48","slug":"dien-toan-dam-may-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/dien-toan-dam-may-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/a> (Cloud Computing) \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb xa th\u00f4ng qua internet, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, linh ho\u1ea1t trong quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, Arito<\/a> s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh, l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Theo Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u1ef9 (NIST), \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (Cloud Computing) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCloud Computing l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, m\u1ecdi l\u00fac m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n d\u00f9ng chung (bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea1ng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5) th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Facebook v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e0n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 Amazon \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive v\u00e0 iCloud l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed theo nhu c\u1ea7u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean “\u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y” v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f3 5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1. T\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 theo nhu c\u1ea7u (On-demand self-service)<\/b><\/b><\/h3>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5,… m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 hosting.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2. Truy c\u1eadp m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i (Broad network access)<\/b><\/b><\/h3>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng hay vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3. H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (Resource pooling)<\/b><\/b><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.4. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng co gi\u00e3n linh ho\u1ea1t (Rapid elasticity)<\/b><\/h3>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thu nh\u1ecf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.5. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng (Measured service)<\/b><\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n

3. Ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y?<\/b><\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111ang t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd email, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1ea3o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n gian l\u1eadn trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p game, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n khai. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

4.1. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y<\/b><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 ba m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh trong \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y: <\/span>IaaS<\/b>, <\/span>PaaS<\/b>, v\u00e0 <\/span>SaaS<\/b>, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang:<\/span><\/p>\n