{"id":13243,"date":"2024-08-25T22:59:49","date_gmt":"2024-08-25T15:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/?p=13243"},"modified":"2025-06-16T16:41:51","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T09:41:51","slug":"quan-tri-doanh-nghiep-la","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/quan-tri-doanh-nghiep-la\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"
Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00f9ng Arito<\/a><\/strong> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngay v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/strong> l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb gi\u1ecfi?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Business Management) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao tr\u00f9m nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 4.0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n Enron, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 do nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Enron \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u quy t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, cho ph\u00e9p Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (CFO) Andrew Fastow tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 kinh doanh v\u1edbi Enron.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Enron.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Enron, d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng ty t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed7i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng su\u00f4n s\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Marketing t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh:<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Chu\u1ed7i Cung \u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung \u1ee9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb D\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u01a1n tru. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng ban, nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/b><\/p>\n Sau khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp, truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra.<\/span><\/p>\n Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong c\u00f4ng ty. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, duy tr\u00ec k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i:<\/b><\/p>\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo d\u00f5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau (KPI), \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b><\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Henri Fayol, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi <\/span>h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Fayol<\/b>. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 14 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n Fayol cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng ty, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ecdi m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 cao vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sao cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n L\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. Fayol khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Fayol c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01a1n tru v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/p>\n S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ty, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n Fayol nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ty. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n Fayol nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1eaft doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/p>\nQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n
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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/h2>\n
1. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c (Strategic Management)<\/b><\/h3>\n
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2. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (Human Resource Management)<\/b><\/h3>\n
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3. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (Financial Management)<\/b><\/h3>\n
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4. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Marketing (Marketing Management)<\/b><\/h3>\n
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5. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Chu\u1ed7i Cung \u1ee9ng (Production and Supply Chain Management)<\/b><\/h3>\n
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6. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb D\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Project Management)<\/b><\/h3>\n
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Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/h2>\n
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5 Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/h2>\n
1. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h3>\n
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2. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/b><\/h3>\n
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3. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/b><\/h3>\n
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4. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i<\/b><\/h3>\n
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5. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/b><\/h3>\n
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14 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Fayol<\/b><\/h2>\n
1. Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u00f3a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/h3>\n
2. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n<\/b><\/h3>\n
3. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt<\/b><\/h3>\n
4. Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh<\/b><\/h3>\n
5. Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/b><\/h3>\n
6. L\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft<\/b><\/h3>\n
7. Th\u00f9 lao<\/b><\/h3>\n
8. T\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a<\/b><\/h3>\n
9. \u201cX\u00edch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d<\/b><\/h3>\n
10. T\u00ednh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/b><\/h3>\n
11. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/b><\/h3>\n
12. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/b><\/h3>\n
13. S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn<\/b><\/h3>\n
14. Tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/b><\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh<\/b><\/h2>\n
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\n Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh<\/b><\/td>\n Business management<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/td>\n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/td>\n X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/b><\/td>\n Bao g\u1ed3m marketing, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/td>\n Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/b><\/td>\n T\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/td>\n \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n