{"id":13228,"date":"2024-08-25T09:47:06","date_gmt":"2024-08-25T02:47:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/?p=13228"},"modified":"2025-06-16T16:41:58","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T09:41:58","slug":"api-la-gi-nhung-dieu-noi-bat-can-biet-ve-api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/api-la-gi-nhung-dieu-noi-bat-can-biet-ve-api\/","title":{"rendered":"API l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 API"},"content":{"rendered":"

API (Application Programming Interface) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 API, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Arito<\/a><\/strong> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 API<\/a><\/strong>, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i API ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

API l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

API (Application Programming Interface) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. API ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng API c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft cho b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"api<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i API\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

API c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. REST API (Representational State Transfer): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i API ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP nh\u01b0 GET, POST, PUT, DELETE \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. SOAP API (Simple Object Access Protocol): SOAP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean XML, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. GraphQL API: GraphQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n cho API, cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. WebSocket API: WebSocket cho ph\u00e9p giao ti\u1ebfp hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 chat ho\u1eb7c game tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. gRPC (gRPC Remote Procedure Call): gRPC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t framework RPC hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c HTTP\/2 v\u00e0 Protocol Buffers \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    API ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h2>\n

    API (Application Programming Interface) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch API ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y xem qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (Request): M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (client) g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn API c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c (server). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t URL, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e8m theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c tham s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. X\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: Server nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (Response): Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd xong, server g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho client. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng JSON ho\u1eb7c XML v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: Client nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 xem d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn API c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"API<\/p>\n

      API REST l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

      REST API (Representational State Transfer) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac API ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 REST API:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP: REST API s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP nh\u01b0:<\/span>\n
          \n
        • GET: L\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • POST: G\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • PUT: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • DELETE: X\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (Resources): Trong REST, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t URL duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 URL nh\u01b0 https:\/\/api.example.com\/users\/1.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Stateless: REST API kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: REST API th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng JSON ho\u1eb7c XML \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. JSON hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n do t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • HATEOAS (Hypermedia As The Engine Of Application State): M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong REST API l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft (hyperlinks) trong ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          REST API r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web v\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

          API REST mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

          REST API mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. D\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u: REST API s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/span><\/li>\n
          2. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t: REST API c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 HTTP.<\/span><\/li>\n
          3. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao: Do REST API s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n
          4. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: REST API c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a API.<\/span><\/li>\n
          5. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch: REST API c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/li>\n
          6. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: REST API c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 HTTPS, OAuth \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
          7. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web v\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng: REST API r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web v\u00e0 di \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \"API<\/p>\n

            L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt API REST?<\/b><\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt API REST, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HTTPS: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa client v\u00e0 server \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng HTTPS \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/li>\n
            2. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 OAuth2 ho\u1eb7c JWT (JSON Web Tokens) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp API.<\/span><\/li>\n
            3. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 (Rate Limiting): \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (DoS) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
            4. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o: Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 SQL Injection ho\u1eb7c XSS (Cross-Site Scripting).<\/span><\/li>\n
            5. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng API Gateway: API Gateway c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt API c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span><\/li>\n
            6. Theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ghi log: Theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u API \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
            7. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng API c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              API web l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

              Web API (Application Programming Interface) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua giao th\u1ee9c HTTP ho\u1eb7c HTTPS. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 Web API:<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Web API cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Web API \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n
              2. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua Web API th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng JSON ho\u1eb7c XML, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n
              3. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng HTTP: Web API h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a HTTP nh\u01b0 caching, versioning, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n
              4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i: Web API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c trang web th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

                Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API (API integration) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c API \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API:<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p API cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/li>\n
                2. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng API, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/li>\n
                3. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p API cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
                4. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: API gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (CRM) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 email \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi email t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
                5. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c API kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o API?<\/b><\/h2>\n

                  \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t API, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho API: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a API. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i (endpoints) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) m\u00e0 API s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  2. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng API: Ch\u1ecdn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 framework ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Node.js v\u1edbi Express, Python v\u1edbi Flask ho\u1eb7c Django, ho\u1eb7c Java v\u1edbi Spring Boot.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  3. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Postman ho\u1eb7c Insomnia \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a API v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  4. L\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho API: Vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng API, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i, tham s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  5. Tri\u1ec3n khai API: \u0110\u01b0a API l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y nh\u01b0 AWS, Azure, ho\u1eb7c Heroku \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \"L\u1ee3i<\/p>\n

                    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

                    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API (API Testing) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i (endpoints) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t API \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API:<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a API ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ki\u1ec3m tra xem API c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    2. Ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a API. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra xem API c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    3. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    4. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng API ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    5. Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi API nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API bao g\u1ed3m Postman, Insomnia, v\u00e0 SoapUI. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn API v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      API (Application Programming Interface) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 API, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\u00a0 B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Arito s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 API, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":13229,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[310,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-doi-so","category-tin-trong-nganh"],"blocksy_meta":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13228"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13235,"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13228\/revisions\/13235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arito.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}